By documenting quantitatively the features of a wide set of simulation models and the related intrinsic uncertainties affecting the simulation results, this analysis provides guidance regarding the use of the concerned simulation tools in experimental applications it also provides indications for further experimental measurements addressing the sources of such uncertainties.īoron carbide is a material proposed as an alternative to graphite for use as an energy degrader in proton therapy facilities, and is favoured due to its mechanical robustness and promise to give lower lateral scattering for a given energy loss. Possible systematic effects deriving from uncertainties of this kind are highlighted their relevance in relation to the application environment and different experimental requirements are discussed, with emphasis on the simulation of radiotherapy set-ups.

The analysis assesses several features of the models and the impact of their associated epistemic uncertainties, i.e., uncertainties due to lack of knowledge, on the simulation results. A set of physics models and parameters pertaining to the simulation of proton energy deposition in matter are evaluated in the energy range up to approximately 65 MeV, based on their implementations in the Geant4 toolkit.

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